This page hosts the disable-character-shortcuts Add-On for Thunderbird.

It can be used to stop the mail window's bare single-key shortcuts from firing by accident - the keys that act on the focused/selected message from a single keypress (a=archive, k=ignore thread, r=mark thread read, the tag keys 0-9, message navigation, etc.).

What it can do (all in the add-on's options)

Menus, toolbar buttons, and any shortcut that uses a modifier (Ctrl/Cmd/Alt) are unaffected. Disabling restores cleanly when the add-on is disabled/removed.

To install:

disable-character-shortcuts.xpi

This is an experimental add-on, no gurantees given, use at your own risk, MPL 2.0 license.